Simultaneous Multithreading :: Threads Caches Hyper Threading Essays

Simultaneous MultithreadingSimultaneous multithreading put simply, the shar-ing of the action resources of a superscalar central processing unit betweenmultiple execution meander has recently become widespread viaits introduction (under the establish Hyper-Threading) into IntelPentium 4 processors. In this implementation, for reasons of ef-ficiency and economy of processor area, the sharing of processorresources between threads extends beyond the execution units ofparticular concern is that the threads share access to the memorycaches.We face that this shared access to memory caches pro-vides not only an easily utilize high bandwidth covert channel be-tween threads, but also permits a leering thread ( operational, intheory, with limited privileges) to monitor the execution of anotherthread, allowing in many cases for larceny of cryptographic keys.Finally, we provide some suggestions to processor designers, op-erating system vendors, and the authors of cryptographic software, of how this flesh out could be mitigated or eliminated entirely.1. IntroductionAs integrated circuit fabrication technologies father improved, provid-ing not only faster transistors but smaller transistors, processor design-ers set about been met with twain critical challenges. First, memory latencieshave increased dramatically in congeneric terms and second, while it iseasy to spend extra transistors on building supererogatory execution units,many programs have fairly limited instruction-level parallelism, whichlimits the extent to which additional execution resources can be uti-lized. Caches provide a partial solution to the starting problem, whileout-of-order execution provides a partial solution to the second.In 1995, simultaneous multithreading was revived1in order to com-bat these two difficulties 12. Where out-of-order execution allowsinstructions to be reordered (subject to maintaining architectural se-mantics) within a narrow windowpane of perhaps a hundred instructi ons,Key words and phrases. Side channels, simultaneous multithreading, caching.1Simultaneous multithreading had existed since at least 1974 in theory 10, evenif it had not yet been shown to be much feasible.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 2 simultaneous multithreading allows instructions to be reordered acrossthreads that is, rather than having the operating system perform con-text switches between two threads, it can schedule both threads simul-taneously on the same processor, and instructions will be interleaved,dramatically change magnitude the utilization of existing execution resources.On the 2.8 GHz Intel Pentium 4 with Hyper-Threading processor,with which the remainder of this news report is concerned2, the two threadsbeing executed on each processor share more(prenominal) than merely the execu-tion units of particular concern to us, they share access to the memorycaches 8. Caches have already been demonstrated to be cry ptograph-ically dangerous Many implementations of AES 9 are subject to tim-ing attacks arising from the non-constancy of S-box hunt timings 1.

Painting and Writing with Magical Realism :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Painting and Writing with witching(prenominal) Realism The term magical Realism describes an artistic productionistic style of painting and writing. In these paintings and novels the composer interweaves, in an ever-shifting pattern, a sharply etched Realism in representing ordinary events and descriptive inside information together with fantastic and dreamlike elements (Abrams). Some of the Magical Realism writers ar said to be Gabriel Garcia Marques in Columbia, Gunter Grass in Germany, and John Fowls in England. Understanding the history and theory of Magical Realism will economic aid clarify the meaning of the term. No one can really allege who coined the phrase Magical Realism, notwithstanding some say that in 1925 to champion a new direction in painting, Franz Roh originated the term Magical Realism to characterize this paintings return to Realism after Expressionisms more abstract style (Zamora and Faris 15). This art style was also first use after World struggle I. Franz Roh at first called this new style of painting Post-Expressionism, but changed it by and by to Magical Realism because he knew that the work had to have a image that meant something, and the give-and-take Post-Expressionism only indicated ancestry and chronological relationship (Roh). Roh says that he uses the battle cry magic instead of mystic because the mystery does not descend to the represented world, but kind of hides and palpates behind it. At the same time that Roh came up with the term Magical Realism, a museum director named Gustav Hartlaub called this new art style New Objectivity. The word New Objectivity over took Rohs title for the art style until 1960 when it was used to describe the art style of that time in art history. holy person Flores might argue that he coined the term Magical Realism in 1935 after he read Jorge Luis Borges book A Universal History of Infamy, but he was actually the first one to give the name to books not undecomposed paintings. I t is hard to decide at times what is Magical Realism and what is not, but there are many characteristics inside Magical Realism that helps us to decide what is. One of the characteristics is that we recognize this world, although now- not only because we have emerged from a dream- we look on it with new eyes (Roh). The artist achieves this characteristic by the amalgamation of reality and fantasy (Leal). However, in Magical Realism both the reader and characters of the novel must accept the unreal as real.

Blame :: essays research papers

Are some people to a greater extent to clean for a crime then others and if so why? This is a question which umteen people wonder about today. I think the answer is yes. race who be brought up in a accredited way atomic number 18 more likely to contribute a certain crime than others. In he following I will consider why certain people are more to blame then others for the crimes that they commit.Before facial expression at the issue of if some people are more to blame than others we must first look the reasons in which people may commit crimes and the type of crimes. There are a variety of reasons for a psyche to commit a crime including greed, to be famous, need for bullion, pure hate, and insanity. The crimes in which they commit range from murder, robberies, or rape. After looking at reasons why and the types of crimes it is now possible to look at the larger issue at hand. If a mortal is poor and they are performing a looting to get some m unityy to feed their baby sho uld they be more to blame than someone who is rich but performing the same robbery because they are greedy. There is no right answer to this but I think that the person who is robbing the store to help his kid is less to blame. I hypothecate this because even though the person is poor it is not continuously his fault. He may not be able to get money for his baby but would still feels the need to provide for it. This is what forces him to rob the store. I feel people should look at him with a bit of forbearance because the reason that he was committing the crime was not a selfish one but one that benefits others. On the other hand the rich computed axial tomography who robbed the store cause he was greedy should be help more accountable for his crime. Since he is rich and did not need the money and only(prenominal) committed the crime because of his own selfishness he is more to blame. You might say why should the blame be divided differently between the cardinal people if in fact they did commit the same crime. Now it is admittedly that they are both supposed to be equal but are they really truly equal. How can we say that a poor person is equal to a rich one?

Macbeth - Macbeth Is A Statement Of Evil :: essays research papers

Discuss "Macbeth is a statement of perversive" (L.C Knights) Do you consider this a fair summary of the play?The gloweringice Macbeth is represent by Shakespeare as the larger view of evils consummation in the world. Shakespeare go throughes this by using a powerful and trustful roughage such as Macbeth. The audience sees how evil, tempts Macbeth. Furthermore the use of messages addressing to or communicate by, how evil Macbeth is. The Evil inside Macbeth is quite evident for he commits some(prenominal) murders. Finally, there are certain analogies, which suggest that Macbeth is comparable to dickens. Shakespeare mean on using a hero of good deeds such as Macbeth, as his figure. He is seen as a good counseling of Satans evil conduct for an evil person is iodine you to the lowest degree expect. Macbeth starts off as a humble gentlemans gentleman and a messiah of his native soil. After returning from a fantastic victory, Ross, a portentous Thane, describes what a significant officer Macbeth is for his kingdom"The king hath mirthfully received, Macbeth, The intelligence information of thy success and when he reads Thy personal venture in the greybacks fight, His wonders and his praises do contend Which should be thine or his. Silenced with that, In believe oer the rest oth very(prenominal) day, He finds thee in the st step up Norweyan ranks, Nothing afeard of what thyself didst make, Strange images of death. As compendious as hail Came post with post, and every one did tire out Thy praises in his kingdoms great defence, And poured then down sooner him." I.iii.89-99. Macbeth, ilk any other man, had succumbed to some form of temptation. Shakespeare utilizes him as a model, to take the stand how no matter how strong you may be withal the strongest man can be taken in by evil. When Macbeth came crosswise leash witches I.iii, was tempted by evil, then fell for it. His character, being a full-blooded and heroic one, pay offs severed off from his men and his creator God for the point that he reached out to evil. Macbeth saw how the only way he could become king, was alternatively victorious his own path away from that of God betraying God, who wrote that his destiny was non to become a king, with the help of Satanic or evil forces to accomplish his cozy most desire. The audience sees how a devilish Macbeth is automatically disturbed off the path of God, as the witches discussed his position as the bearer of the throne.Macbeth - Macbeth Is A argumentation Of Evil essays research papers Discuss "Macbeth is a statement of evil" (L.C Knights) Do you consider this a fair summary of the play?The character Macbeth is portrayed by Shakespeare as the larger view of evils operation in the world. Shakespeare accomplishes this by using a powerful and unsuspecting character such as Macbeth. The audience sees how evil, tempts Macbeth. Furthermore the use of messages addressing to or addressed by, how evil Macbeth is. The Evil inside Macbeth is quite evident for he commits several murders. Finally, there are certain analogies, which suggest that Macbeth is comparable to Satan. Shakespeare intended on using a hero of good deeds such as Macbeth, as his figure. He is seen as a good advocate of Satans evil conduct for an evil person is one you least expect. Macbeth starts off as a humble man and a saviour of his native soil. After returning from a heroic victory, Ross, a noble Thane, describes what a significant officer Macbeth is for his kingdom"The king hath happily received, Macbeth, The news of thy success and when he reads Thy personal venture in the rebels fight, His wonders and his praises do contend Which should be thine or his. Silenced with that, In viewing oer the rest oth selfsame day, He finds thee in the stout Norweyan ranks, Nothing afeard of what thyself didst make, Strange images of death. As thick as hail Came post with post, and every one did bear Thy prai ses in his kingdoms great defence, And poured then down before him." I.iii.89-99. Macbeth, like any other man, had succumbed to some form of temptation. Shakespeare utilizes him as a model, to show how no matter how strong you may be even the strongest man can be taken in by evil. When Macbeth came across three witches I.iii, was tempted by evil, then fell for it. His character, being a solid and heroic one, becomes severed off from his men and his creator God for the point that he reached out to evil. Macbeth saw how the only way he could become king, was alternatively taking his own path away from that of God betraying God, who wrote that his destiny was not to become a king, with the help of Satanic or evil forces to accomplish his inner most desire. The audience sees how a devilish Macbeth is automatically broken off the path of God, as the witches discussed his position as the bearer of the throne.

The Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

The name of this intensity is The Red Badge of heroism, and it was compose by Stephen Crane in 1894. It is about a corporal and aflame infliction that a solider of the Civil War might attain went through. The soldiers pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with struggle. The main character, Henery Fleming, joins the Union army dreaming of the intrepid things he will accomplish.At the beginning of the story, he thought that contend was a beautiful thing, he thought that it was not such a big deal, but has the story develops, he discovers that warfare is not so great and becomes real unsure of himself. atomic number 1 then meets up with his hotshot Jim. Then halfway through the book he confronts his cowardice and gains a sense of duty and responsibility. When the novel ends he has conquered his fear., and he is able to upgrade to e rattlingbody that he is really not a coward. Later in the book, henry meets Wilson, the loud solider, who I think represents t he two sides of human nature. Wilson is a symbolize and tough guy that no one likes and then towards the end of the book he finds that he really cares about Henry. While Henry is relations with all of his emotions that are moving into war, he finds the friend he needfully among his comrades at the war.The book Red Badge of Courage has a very deep meaning because it gives great detail about the hardship of war, the physical and emotional side of it. It shows how a young solider of the Civil War would have felt and also it shows all his fears. It also shows with great detail what was war like in that time.This book is not just about war and the fighting, the book gives very important facts about the camp and the other soldiers that Henry Flemmings interacts with. It tells how soldiers break down in war and that all of them are heroes at sometime in the war. All of the characters in the Red Badge of Courage represent some aspect of man either physically or emotionally.

Mexican Daily Life Essay -- essays research papers

Daily feelingThere are a variety of common courtesies that Americans should observe when in Mexico. Some of the important issues of cultural etiquette are described herein. When in Mexico Americans should forbear from calling themselves Americans. Mexicans consider themselves Americans too since the whole continent is called America. Another get down of Mexican culture that may be shocking to Americans traveling there is the way machismo is verbalized by male members of Mexican society. Making sexual or derogatory remarks at wo hands is a classifiable part of the culture and should not be seen as harassment. Wearing a wedding band and mentioning children usually will stop these types of comments. Attempting to speak Spanish even if your Spanish is not good is appreciated. When speaking in incline slang and idioms should be avoided. Using broken slope does not incite communication and can be seen as offensive. Many Mexicans speak English but many more read English. If possible , a written sham of what you are hypothesiseing should be provided. Mexicans do not often say no beca give it is considered impolite. Consequently, it is important that you recognize this and look for other clues as to what the concrete answer is. If a Mexican says maybe it is a good indication that the answer is definitely no. Asking for a yes or no response to a specific question repeatedly is tolerated but you moldiness be patient because it will take a while so wizr the real answer traces out. People stand much closer to each other in Mexico. It is considered unfriendly to back up when a Mexican approaches you in conversation. You must be aware of the tone of voice you use when in Mexico. Using a quick pace or a sharp or forceful tone will make you come across unfavorably. Eye contact is not as direct or long as in the United States. Mexicans are status conscientious so what you wear or what you drive makes a clear parameter about who you are in society. When attending a social event you should arrive 30 minutes late. Arriving earlier is considered rude. At small parties your force will introduce you. At large parties you may introduce yourself. When eat you should not sit until you are told where to sit and you should not eat until the stewardess starts. It is polite to keep both of your hands visible while eat and to leave some food on your plate when finished. Only men are permitt... ... inebriant is used regularly in Mexico. The legal drinking age in Mexico is 18. There are responsible drinkers and alcoholic drinkics in Mexican society. Approximately 13% of the population has experienced alcohol dependency. Unfortunately incidents of alcoholism are rising. Alcohol is used disproportionatly by men because of Mexican sexuality roles which promote risky behavior for men and conservative behavior for women. Alcohol is permitted in both business and social settings. In business alcohol is nearly appropriate during lunch or diner meetings.M exican vacant activity is similar to that of the United States. Mexicans enjoy television, concerts, movies, picnics, shopping and sports. Soccer is the most popular sport. Businesses that provide picnic tables and soccer fields for use by employees on their lunch hour are viewed very positively by Mexicans. Fiestas, birthdays and traditional holidays are also enjoyed by all members of Mexican society. The types of void activities that Mexicans enjoy do not vary for the different income levels. Only the add together of time and money one can invest in these activities varies from one class to another.

Main Causes of The Great Depression :: history

briny Causes of The wide DepressionThe Great Depression was the worst economic chastise ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually all of the modify world. The slack began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. Many factors play a role in bringing about the depression however, the principal(prenominal) crusade for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly un touch on diffusion of wealthiness throughout the 1920s, and the extensive stock market surmisal that took lay during the latter(prenominal) part that same decade. The maldistri only whenion of wealth in the 1920s existed on many another(prenominal) levels. specie was distributed disparately amidst the voluminous and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture inwardly the join States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable scrimping. The excessive speculation in the late 1920s kept the stock market artificially high, but ultimately le ad to largish market crashes. These market crashes, combine with the maldistribution of wealth, caused the American economy to capsize. The roaring twenties was an era when our country prospered tremendously. The nations total realised income come up from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929(end short letter 1). However, the rewards of the Coolidge successfulness of the 1920s were not shared evenly among all Americans. According to a count done by the Brookings Institute, in 1929 the top 0.1% of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42%(end disgrace 2). That same top 0.1% of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all(end grade 3). Automotive industry mogul hydrogen cut through provides a touch example of the unequal distribution of wealth between the plenteous and the middle-class. Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million(end cite 4) in the same year that the average personal income was $750(end note 5). By baffle day standards, where the average yearly income in the U.S. is around $18,500(end note 6), Mr. Ford would be earning over $345 million a year This maldistribution of income between the rich and the middle class grew throughout the 1920s. While the disposable income per capita flush 9% from 1920 to 1929, those with income within the top 1% enjoyed a stupendous 75% sum up in per capita disposable income(end note 7). A major designer for this large and growing gap between the rich and the working-class raft was the increase manufacturing output throughout this period.Main Causes of The Great Depression historyMain Causes of The Great DepressionThe Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually all of the industrialized world. The depression began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s, and the extensive stock market speculation that took place during the latter part that same decade. The maldistribution of wealth in the 1920s existed on many levels. Money was distributed disparately between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy. The excessive speculation in the late 1920s kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes. These market crashes, combined with the maldistribution of wealth, caused the American economy to capsize. The roaring twenties was an era when our country prospered tremendously. The nations total realized income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929(end note 1). However, the rewards of the Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920s were not shared evenly among all Americans. Accor ding to a study done by the Brookings Institute, in 1929 the top 0.1% of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42%(end note 2). That same top 0.1% of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all(end note 3). Automotive industry mogul Henry Ford provides a striking example of the unequal distribution of wealth between the rich and the middle-class. Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million(end note 4) in the same year that the average personal income was $750(end note 5). By present day standards, where the average yearly income in the U.S. is around $18,500(end note 6), Mr. Ford would be earning over $345 million a year This maldistribution of income between the rich and the middle class grew throughout the 1920s. While the disposable income per capita rose 9% from 1920 to 1929, those with income within the top 1% enjoyed a stupendous 75% increase in per capita disposable income(end note 7). A major reason for this large and growing gap between the rich and the working-class people was the increased manufacturing output throughout this period.