Toys :: essays research papers

Toys"R"UsINTRODUCTIONIn this assignment I have chosen to steering on explaining what kind of company Toys"R"Us is, giving a brief, short summary of the firms history, their corporate responsibilities, what their competitive advantages are and how they implement their strategies through retail and merchandise. I also found it relevant to explain the market situation in the toy-industry and what the trends are, for understanding what other difficulties that are important to consider in set to survive.SHORT HISTORYIn 1948, a company which tot wholey dedicated themselves to children and their needs, was formed by Charles Lazarus in Washington DC. This was a perfect timing in relation to the post-war baby boom period, the demand for accessories for children was high, and the main purpose for the company was to carry furniture for babies. After some time, he heard customers saying phrases the like "I need a toy for my baby", so he began selling toys aswell. Mr.L anzarus tried to give his customers what they wanted he understood early that this was the topper way to keep his customers. In 1957, he opened his first toy supermarket, and with specialized retailing and the off-price positioning, he revolutionized the concepts in the pre-m every and discount days. After this success, he change his business to Interstate, which later went bankrupt. Mr.Lazarus rejoined the company and made it profitable, and in 1978 it became a public company Toys"R"Us,Inc.DIVISION OF THE COMPANYToday, Toys"R"Us is a $11 billion dollar company and they have over 1500 stores over the whole world. The company is divided into six different divisionsToys"R"Us US            strongly focuses on strengthening the obtain experience                     by providing better service and better merchandise. There are    &n bsp           around 680 locations of Toys R Us in the US.Toys"R"Us International      Is licensed, franchised and operated through over 570                     locations in 29 countries outside the USKids"R"Us           Consists of more than 375 locations where childrens                     clothing and toys are all under one roof, and oughts to offer                     all of the latest fashions and of course high quality                     merchandise.ImaginariumToysrus.com           Developed in alliance w ith Amazon.com in order to offer an                     online shopping service.Babies"R"Us           Offers everything parents need for their babies, like                     furniture, bedding, car seats etc. All products can be                     purchased under one roofBy organizing their organic law into these different divisions, it gives them a competitive advantage because it makes it easier to focus in the certain areas. These divisions are very different from each other, and needs specialization in all the different aspects.

Comparing Steppenwolf and the Teenaged Girl Essays -- Comparison Compa

Parallels Between Steppenwolf and the Teenaged Girl To be a teen girl means many things in this modern society. There are numerous expectations set for the average sixteen year old female she moldiness be pretty, popular, thin, preferably intelligent, but not too intelligent, and she must subjugate her will to the group. This world has a tendency to shun females who are too independent, who look too much power, and who attempt to break from the stereotypical female mold. I have personally see this spurning, especially from my peers. There exists a dichotomy somewhere in my own soul, a rift between that which I am expected to be and who I really am. Harry Haller, in Hermann Hesses novel Steppenwolf, experienced a similar predicament. He was torn between the life of a socially acceptable, decent man, and the primal, lupine nature of the Steppenwolf. I find myself caught between missing to be a socially acceptable, popular girl, and being the independent, intellectual, and strong p erson that I actually am. There are a number of parallels between Haller and I, each(prenominal) further proving that the dichotomy of the Steppenwolf and the division inwardly myself, the teenaged girl, are of the same essence. Often in my life I have felt trapped by the boundaries and expectations that those around me have set for how I ought to behave, think, and feel. Here in suburban America, these boundaries are often set by peers and family, as well as by the media and celebrity figures. The expectations that they have set often dictate ideas that, deep down, I greatly disagree with. One of the most prominent of the ideas is that my worth is reflected in my external physical appearance. In this world which has declared war on th... ...conditioned self and the true self. She both wishes to be accepted and to be set free from the groups expectations. She wants the thoroughgoing(a) body and face and yet realizes the lack of importance therein. Harry Haller, in the end, coul d not completely understand the game of life, but understood that the willingness to play and the intensity to sort through the inner self are what really matter. I have realized that, in the end, I must learn the same lesson. The passage ahead will not be easy, just as Harrys journey was long and arduous. Fear and fleeing are no longer options, though. It is an archetypal, inherent knowledge within each human being that self-knowledge is key to a true existence, and both the Steppenwolf and the teenaged girl realize the importance of this expedition. Works CitedHesse, Hermann. Steppenwolf. New York Henry Holt and Company, 1990.

Loss of Identity in the Techno-Culture Essay -- Clubbing Partying Tech

I began my doubt into the techno-sublime by keying the term techno-sublime into Googe to see if the term had been coined before. Whilst in that respect was no exact match, the first site that opened was http//www.sublime.net.au/chillout.html, The Chillout . unite is a planetary experience. I had presbyopic been interested in the event of the techno-dance party, that total awesome experience where there is a collapse of individuality and a loss of individual boundaries as I become part of the collective techno-experience. It was uncanny to find myself at this site in search of the techno-sublime and yet it was scarcely this exstasis or loss of identity in the face of the awesomeness of the techno-experience that was central to my understanding of the experience of the techno-sublime.1 Ben Malbons (1999) study, Clubbing Dancing, Ecstacy and Vitality, has proved invaluable in providing support for my elaboration of the techno-sublime. Whilst Malbons dissertation is different from m y own, the responses of some of his respondents as well(p) as his own diary entries have become very important in supporting my thesis that there is a loss of identity or estasis within the particular experience of techno-culture that is clubbing. Thus in a diary entry, titled 4 a.m. - lost for words, lost in time and space, just lost., Malbon writes We all seemed to urgency the music to take us over to become us in some way.. Clubbers were losing it all over the tush ... people are just so close to each other proximately and emotionally.. The intensity of this fusion of motions and emotions was almost overwhelming. (Malbon 1999xii) This diary entry, in particular, speaks of an experience in which his scent out of identity and rationality is subsum... ...nd vitality, London Routledge.Newman, Barnett (1948) The wondrous is now in Harrison, C.Wood, P. (ed) (1994) Art in theory 1900 - 1990 an anthology of changing ideas, Oxford, Blackwell 572-574.Nye, D.E. (1994) American Technol ogical Sublime, Cambridge Mass MIT Press.Storr, A. (1992) Music and the Mind, London harper Collins.Notes1I had begun my inquiry into the techno-sublime by arguing that in creative practice there occurs a particular flux that I have termed working hot. When star is working hot, I have argued, the transaction produces a dynamical relation where the work of art performs rather than represents. In this space, or state, I argued there is exstasis, or a loss of identity.2 My elaboration of the techno-sublime has been sensible by Christine Battersbys and Barbara Freemans theorization of the feminine sublime. Loss of Identity in the Techno-Culture Essay -- Clubbing Partying TechI began my inquiry into the techno-sublime by keying the term techno-sublime into Googe to see if the term had been coined before. Whilst there was no exact match, the first site that opened was http//www.sublime.net.au/chillout.html, The Chillout . clubbing is a planetary experience. I had long been interested in the event of the techno-dance party, that total awesome experience where there is a collapse of individuality and a loss of individual boundaries as I become part of the collective techno-experience. It was uncanny to find myself at this site in search of the techno-sublime and yet it was precisely this exstasis or loss of identity in the face of the awesomeness of the techno-experience that was central to my understanding of the experience of the techno-sublime.1 Ben Malbons (1999) study, Clubbing Dancing, Ecstacy and Vitality, has proved invaluable in providing support for my elaboration of the techno-sublime. Whilst Malbons thesis is different from my own, the responses of some of his respondents as well as his own diary entries have become very important in supporting my thesis that there is a loss of identity or estasis within the particular experience of techno-culture that is clubbing. Thus in a diary entry, titled 4 a.m. - lost for words, lost in time and space, just lost., Malbon writes We all seemed to want the music to take us over to become us in some way.. Clubbers were losing it all over the place ... people are just so close to each other proximately and emotionally.. The intensity of this fusion of motions and emotions was almost overwhelming. (Malbon 1999xii) This diary entry, in particular, speaks of an experience in which his sense of identity and rationality is subsum... ...nd vitality, London Routledge.Newman, Barnett (1948) The Sublime is now in Harrison, C.Wood, P. (ed) (1994) Art in theory 1900 - 1990 an anthology of changing ideas, Oxford, Blackwell 572-574.Nye, D.E. (1994) American Technological Sublime, Cambridge Mass MIT Press.Storr, A. (1992) Music and the Mind, London Harper Collins.Notes1I had begun my inquiry into the techno-sublime by arguing that in creative practice there occurs a particular flux that I have termed working hot. When one is working hot, I have argued, the performance produces a dynamical relation where the work of art performs rather than represents. In this space, or state, I argued there is exstasis, or a loss of identity.2 My elaboration of the techno-sublime has been informed by Christine Battersbys and Barbara Freemans theorization of the feminine sublime.

Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck Essay -- literary analysis, Steinbec

Introduction To some extent, writers are the most powerful people in the world as they can substance abuse words to change peoples perceptions and ideas. Around the world, in that location are numerous writers who choose to convey their thoughts within their works, no matter fictions or poems. However, there are also some other representatives who prefer to be objective as a writer, and from my perspective, John Steinbeck should be one of them. Hence, I agree with the given quotation. In this essay, I will try to prove the quotation in three aspects. Firstly, I will discuss some characteristic of Of Mice and Men as well as John Steinbecks writing approach. Then, I will explore the fascinating and bewildering aspects of life in his fiction to demonstrate my statement. Finally, a expiry will be given. During 1930s, the relationship between the suffered labors and the government is very tense as a type of remarkable social contradictions. Of Mice and Men, the book that Steinbeck wro te that period, is neither close to the resistance of Californias newcomers nor their economic threat to the landed elite. (Shillinglaw, 1994) This book is about common people, their dreams, their ordinary life and their misfortune. The story teller- John SteinbeckTo begin with, I will select some important elements in Of Mice and Men to support my argument which states John Steinbeck is not a demonstrator but a story-teller. The act of this fiction is the first thing I would like to point out. The original title of this literary work is called Something That Happened which can be regarded as non-judgmental. (Shillinglaw, 1994). Later on, he changed his title after reading a poem. However, the new title still stands in an objective way. Steinbecks stylistic techniq... ...Meyer, Michael J.. (2009). Essential Criticism of John Steinbecks of Mice and Men, The. straw man Press. Retrieved 3 December 2013, from Millichap, J. (1978). Realistic style in steinbecks and milestones of mice and men. Literature/Film Quarterly, 6(3), 241-252. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/226984779?accountid=11440Sale, R. (1980, Mar 20). Stubborn steinbeck. The New York Review of Books (Pre-1986), 27, 10. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/201312410?accountid=11440John Steinbeck Naturalisms PriestWoodburn O. RossCollege English , Vol. 10, nary(prenominal) 8 (May, 1949), pp. 432-438Published by National Council of Teachers of EnglishArticle Stable URL http//0-www.jstor.org.hkbulib.hkbu.edu.hk/stable/372552Twentieth-century American Literary Naturalism An InterpretationDonald Pizer

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow :: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowLook then, into thine heart, and write Master Henry Longfellow is one of the best boys we have in school. He spells and reads very well. He can also add and multiply numbers. His conduct last quarter was very correct and ami sufficient. This quote is from a letter sent home from Longfellows school when he was just six old age old. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born February 27, 1807, in Portland, Maine. He was the son of Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow. Early on, his parents could see that he had an interest in literature. His mother read to him frequently. Don Quixote was one of his favorites but it was Washington Irvings Sketch Book that influenced him the most. Sent to school at just three years old, Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin College at 19. Upon graduation he was offered a job as professor of modern languages, a program that the college was just putting together. He accredited the po sition with the stipulation that he would be given a period of time to travel and study in Europe. It was on this journey that he was able to retain many ideas for his future writings. Longfellow walked through the countries so that he could stop at inns and cottages and talk to people. He met peasants, farmers and traders. He traveled to Spain, Italy, France, Germany, and England. Returning to America in 1829, he started his career as a college professor. He had to write his own texts because there were none at that time. In 1831, Longfellow married his first wife, Mary Storer Potter. In 1834, he was offered a professorship at Harvard. Once again, he set out for Europe to prepare himself to teach. His wife accompanied him on this trip and died in Rotterdam. Arriving at Cambridge alone, he took a room at historic Craige House. Eventually, the house was purchased by Nathan Appleton. Seven years after Longfellow came to Cambridge he married Mr.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow :: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowLook then, into thine heart, and write Master Henry Longfellow is one of the best boys we have in school. He spells and reads very well. He can also add and multiply numbers. His conduct last quarter was very correct and amiable. This quote is from a letter send home from Longfellows school when he was alone six years old. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born February 27, 1807, in Portland, Maine. He was the son of Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow. Early on, his parents could see that he had an interest in literature. His mother read to him frequently. Don Quixote was one of his favorites but it was Washington Irvings Sketch Book that influenced him the most. Sent to school at just three years old, Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin College at 19. Upon graduation he was offered a job as professor of modern languages, a program that the college was just set together. He accepted the position with th e stipulation that he would be given a period of time to travel and study in Europe. It was on this journeying that he was able to retain many ideas for his future writings. Longfellow walked through the countries so that he could stop at inns and cottages and talk to people. He met peasants, farmers and traders. He traveled to Spain, Italy, France, Germany, and England. reversive to America in 1829, he started his career as a college professor. He had to write his own texts because there were none at that time. In 1831, Longfellow wed his showtime wife, Mary Storer Potter. In 1834, he was offered a professorship at Harvard. Once again, he set out for Europe to prepare himself to teach. His wife accompanied him on this trip and died in Rotterdam. Arriving at Cambridge alone, he took a room at historic Craige House. Eventually, the house was purchased by Nathan Appleton. Seven years after Longfellow came to Cambridge he married Mr.

Interpersonal communications improvement plan Essay

Problem I have developed a bad habit of not having trustfulness in myself at college, in my make habits, and expressing myself. Goal To improve my self-confidence, I volition keep a good self-image. I will imagine myself as a strong, confident and determinant person. I will think and act positively. I plan to learn new study habits. I will be able to speak with my teachers and advisors nearly my problems. Procedure First, I will have the confidence to ask for help. Next, I will not waste time, energy and effort by worrying or so my weakness and deficits. I will seek help and ask more questions to better myself.I will be more open about my problems. Fin all(prenominal)y, I will stop worrying about problems and work through them. Test of Achieving Goal I will know I have achieved this goal, when I come more comfortable petition for help to develop better study habits. The proof will be seen in my trial scores and research papers, which will show me that I foot improve my gra des in college through perseverance. Journal Entry 1 Date Oct. 4, 2006 Results I talked to my English teacher about my research paper that is due next week. She helped me with my mistakes. She said it was a good paper overall.Journal Entry 2 Date Oct. 4, 2006 Results I talked to my baseball coach and explained my problems with my grades. He wants to help me in any way possible. Journal Entry 3 Date Oct. 5, 2006 Results I talked with my advisor. I opened up to him by explaining that I cant believe my tests scores, after doing so much analyse. He led me in directions that should increase the effectiveness of my study habits. He knows that I can do it. Journal Entry 4 Date Oct.6, 2006 Results I emailed all of my teachers. I asked them how to improve my grades. I also requested study tips from them. Journal Entry 5 Date Oct 7, 2006 Results I put to use the study tips from Dr. Bommarito. I didnt get frustrated with all of the information that I needed to learn for my narration test. I had to do it, so I did. Journal Entry 6 Date Oct. 8, 2006 Results I asked my parents to see how my studying was coming along. They asked me questions from flash cards that I made. They were very supportive. They were very happy to see the new methods I have been using.They could see how I was not getting as frustrated while studying and writing research papers. Interpersonal Communications Improvement Summary My original intention was to use confident behavior to improve my study skills, so that I may get better grades. I feel that I accomplished this, even in such a short time. Emailing my teachers was a small step, and I believe it will pay off in the long run. Each time I talked to one of my teachers and coaches, it gave me more confidence to try again. They were all receptive to my needs, and gave me good advice to help improve my grades and my study habits.I would have to say that my biggest concern was asking for help from my parents. However, by the time I talked to my pare nts, my confidence level was up from my interactions with my teachers and coaches. I do not get as frustrated as I have in the past. I also mat up concern over how my coach would view me after I opened up to him. His reaction was very supportive, as were my parents. I now feel a lot of encouragement from the people who are most important to me. It means so much to me that they were all willing to sit down and go over assignments with me and give me many good study tips.I am now more comfortable talking to them because I know they believe in me. I was surprised about how much easier studying has become since applying the tips I have received, especially from Dr. Bommarito. I am anxious to see the results in my improved test scores and research papers. My self-concept has greatly improved. I feel confident that I can get the help I need by just asking for it. I feel confident in my new study skills. I feel confident that I can continue to learn more study skills, and that I can impro ve my grades by applying what I have learned. This has been a good experience for me overall.

The Implementaion of Reverse Policy for Discrimination

Should we be punished for the mistakes of our ancestors? In recent times, approving effect has implemented policies of rustle discrimi earth to help oppressed minorities gain an advantage everywhere majority groups in college introductions and in employment. The term favorable fulfil was originall(a)y used by death chair John F. Kennedy in 1961 when referring to his executive order that required all federal official contractors treat their employees and applicants without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246 at Howard University that required federal contractors to undertake Affirmative fulfil to increase the number of minorities that they employ. He wanted to retard that minorities were recruited to have strong opportunities to be hired and then eventually get a promotion. In 1969, the section of Labor exposed widespread racial discrimination of the Construction Department so President Ri chard M. Nixon decided to incorporate a system of goals and timetables to evaluate federal construction companies according to Affirmative carry through and through.This idea of goals and timetables provided guidelines for companies to arrive and comply with Affirmative serve regulations. During the presidency of Gerald R. Ford, he extended Affirmative accomplish to people with disabilities and Vietnam veterans but there were no goals or timetables for these twain groups. This type of Affirmative Action required recruitment efforts, accessibility, accommodation and reviews of physical and mental job qualifications. President Jimmy Carter consolidated all federal agencies that were required by law to fol subaltern the Affirmative Action play into the Department of Labor.Before Carter did this, each agency handled Affirmative Action in its own individual way, some were not as consistent as different agencies were. He crapd the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFC CP) in 1978 to check into compliance with the Affirmative Action policies. Affirmative Action began to go downhill when Ronald Reagan and later George Bush came into office. Affirmative Action lost some gains it had made and was to a greater extent or less ignored by the Republicans in the White House and in Congress. Affirmative Action was silently being killed by our federal administrators.In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, initiated by Kennedy, and the reach Opportunity Act of 1972, oppose opportunity was established. While there was little controversy over competent opportunity, the main issue with Affirmative Action was equal results. Although equal opportunity was established with Kennedys original executive order in 1961, the statistical results showed that the number of minority takeers employed or in certain higher(prenominal) level positions was not in proportion to the surrounding population, making the actual existence of equal opportunity suspect.As a result of this discrepancy, it became necessary to create more aggressive legislation that ensured equal opportunity and equal results. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 required both, and new Affirmative Action programs were instituted to save support this. These programs range from encouraging minorities and women to apply for certain positions to setting up actual numerical goals, much(prenominal) as quota systems and set-aside programs. However, is Affirmative Action, as many an(prenominal) critics assert, just passing on the oppression?The basis behind Affirmative Action is that because of past discrimination and oppression, such as the dispossession of Native Americans, the mismatched treatment of women, and the enslavement of Black Americans, minorities and women have difficulty competing with their white male counterparts in mainstream American society. But is this true? Why must white males be oppressed by Affirmative Action just because their ancestors enslaved and oppressed another race and gender, and be victims of reverse discrimination in college admissions and employment?The U. S. Supreme speak to has faced many cases regarding this controversial issue, including The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Bakke, a white medical student, was denied admission to a University of California medical school because of a quota system. Bakke claimed that he was a victim of reverse discrimination and sued. In a close decision, the Court ruled that schools might not enforce a rigid quota system if whites be not allowed to compete equally.The issue was still muddied, however, because in the same decision, the Court ruled that race could be used as a factor. The various regulations and judicature rulings have made Affirmative Action oneness of the most paradoxical issues facing America. On one hand, differing topical anesthetic, state, and federal laws require employers to avoid discrimination in up to nine criteria race, color, sex, age, nati onal origin, sexual preference, handicap, veterans status and religion.On the other hand, Affirmative Action rules also require certain employers, such as companies with federal contracts, to have got preference to racial minorities, women, and others. Consequently, when considering both sides of the issue, it becomes apparent that reverse discrimination and preferential treatment of minorities is absolutely ludicrous when people are preaching equal rights and that all men are created equal, and that Affirmative Action should be outright annihilateed from all aspects of society as an unnecessary evil in order to ensure an equal playing field for all.Those who wish to retain Affirmative Action regulations argue that America has a moral obligation to right the wrongs of the past that Blacks and other minorities, whose ancestors have suffered institutionalized discrimination for hundreds of years, have earned preferential treatment. Race-neutral hiring, say proponents, actually disc riminates against minorities because the majority of gettable jobs are not advertised. Rather, they are learned close to by word-of-mouth, and minorities are not plugged into the old-boy networks through which they might hear of these jobs.Affirmative Action must be maintained for minorities to rise above the scratch ceiling to management positions, and for poor minorities to rise from poverty and unemployment. Affirmative action has been the subject of increasing debate and tension in American society, and through this modify debate, the fight between Angle males and minorities actually sets the two groups apart instead of bringing them together. However, the debate over affirmative action has become ensnared in magniloquence that pits equality of opportunity against the equality of results.The debate has been more emotional than intellectual, and has generated more tension than shed light on the issue. Participants in the debate have over examined the ethical and moral issues that Affirmative Action raises while forgetting to scrutinize the system that has created the pauperization for them. Too often, Affirmative Action is looked upon as the panacea for a nation once ill with, but now cured of, the virulent disease of racial discrimination.Affirmative Action is, and should be seen as, a temporary, partial, and perhaps even blemished remedy for past and continuing discrimination against historically marginalized and disenfranchised groups in American society. Working as it should, it affords groups greater equality of opportunity in a social context marked by substantial inequalities and structural forces that impede a fair assessment of their capabilities. However, its failure highlights the potential for an aura of racism in this country which may perpetuate for many generations on.As Martin Luther King once said, I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. Affirmative Action would make this dream virtually impossible, bringing race in as a factor in judging college admissions and employment. Those who want to purloin Affirmative Action regulations argue that preferential programs encourage racial tensions when white students and workers feel they are not getting fair consideration.Why should whites suffer for societys past mistakes? ask Anti-Affirmative Action activists who also note that Affirmative Action programs make whites the victims of reverse discrimination. Affirmative Action works against minorities, the argument continues, because it is assumed that an individual who benefits from such programs is automatically considered insufficient to other candidates for jobs or schools, and because the majority who benefit from Affirmative Action are already middle-class, those most in need of the programs, rural and inner-city blacks, have gained nothing.Protestors against Affirmative Action have al ready taken steps to abolish the abominable doctrine through the passing of Proposition 209 in California. The measure would eliminate Affirmative Action programs used to increase hiring and promotion opportunities for state or local government jobs, where sex, race, and ethnicity are preferential factors in hiring, promotion, training, or recruitment decisions. In addition, the measure would eliminate programs that give preference to women-owned or minority-owned companies on public contracts.Contracts affected by the measure would include contracts for construction projects, purchases of computer equipment, and the hiring of consultants. These prohibitions would not apply to those government agencies that dumbfound money under federal programs that require such Affirmative Action. The elimination of these programs would result in savings to the state and local governments. These savings would occur for two reasons. First, government agencies no longer would incur costs to adminis ter the programs.Second, the prices paid on some government contracts would decrease. This would happen because bidders on contracts no longer would need to show good faith efforts to use minority-owned or women-owned subcontractors. Thus, state and local governments would save money to the extent they otherwise would have rejected a low bidderbecause the bidder did not make a good faith effortand awarded the contract to a higher bidder. The measure also could affect funding for public schools (kindergarten through grade 12) and community college programs.For instance, the measure could eliminate, or cause fundamental changes to, voluntary desegregation programs run by school districts. (It would not, however, affect court-ordered desegregation programs. ) Examples of desegregation expending that could be affected by the measure include the special funding given to magnet schools (in those cases where race or ethnicity are preferential factors in the admission of students to the sc hools) and designated racially isolated minority schools that are located in areas with high proportions of racial or ethnic minorities.Up to $60 million of state and local funds spent each year on voluntary desegregation programs may be affected by the measure. In addition, the measure would affect a variety of public school and community college programs such as counseling, tutoring, outreach, student financial aid, and financial aid to selected school districts in those cases where the programs provide preferences to individuals or schools found on race, sex, ethnicity, or national origin. Funds spent on these programs total at least $15 million each year.Eliminating Affirmative Action programs in America would thus save the government a substantial amount of money and pave the road for truly equal opportunity and treatment of all races. In light of the conflicting arguments for and against Affirmative Action, it is readily apparent that Affirmative Action essentially implements reverse discrimination as an acceptable solution to racial inequality in America, giving preferential treatment to minorities and women, and should thus be forbidden morally and legally if there is to be any sense of color-blindness in race relations in the future.As Daniel Boorstin once said, The menace to America today is the emphasis on what separates us rather than what brings us together. Truly, doing so would advance separate embittered races and pit them against each other in heated debate and controversy. Calling for an alternative to Affirmative Action, Randall Kennedy states, We ought to construct a society and set of laws that tension on an individuals character, not color of skin.If Affirmative Action should be banned and society should be color-blind, there should be an alternative to Affirmative Action to ensure this. There are a few possible alternatives to Affirmative Action, some of them are very simple and some are a little more complex.The alternatives include reconstruction of civil society in minority communities, increasing minority and female applicant melt, and most importantly promotion of broad policies for economical opportunity and security that benefit low- and middle-income Americans, both black and white. Building up civil society means strengthening intermediate institutions, lying between the state and the individual, such as community associations, schools, media, and independent social agencies, which provide the organizational foundation for collective development and effective public representation. If the same capital was made available for minority institutions as other institutions, they would be able to develop in the society and eventually become a strong part of the minority community.These institutions would give direction and guidance that is needed by all to play a major role in their community. Increasing minority and female applicant flow would be very easy for a company to do. They simply need to include minority colleges and universities in campus recruitment programs, place employment opportunities in minority oriented print and broadcast media, and retain applications of unemployed minority applicants to be reviewed as a position opens. This would be a great opportunity for applicants and employers.We should work toward broad based economic policies by consistently emphasizing broad-based, race-neutral policies for example, public investment, national health reform, an enlarged earned income tax credit, child support assurance, and other policies benefiting families with young children. Widely supported programs that promote the interests of both lower- and middle-income Americans and that deliver substantial benefits to minorities on the basis of their economic condition will do more to tighten minority poverty than narrowly based, and poorly funded, measures for minority groups or the poor alone.These efforts can also be designed to coincide with intermediate institutions and thereby to work to the overall process of civil reconstruction and renewal. Ultimately, if there is to be any sense of racial equality and equal opportunity in this world, we must abolish Affirmative Action and ensure an equal playing field for all races in America.

Confucianism and Contemporary Issues

Confucianism and Contemporary IssuesThis essay will illustrate the history of Confucianism and the background of scale Kong (Confucius) in the earlier set outs of the religion. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the common char performeristic of Confucianism with other eastern religions, the contemporary issues it faces, and the interaction between the modern valet and Confucianism. withal the paper list the nine most common text of literature used by the religion and it includes the role of women and the five bonds besides known as the five great relationships.HistoryConfucius was born August27, 551 BC in a small state called Lu. His birth name is Kong Qui or Kung Fu-tzu. The modern name of Confucius is an early Western rendering of the sages Chinese honorific name Kung-fu-tsu (Confucius, 2013) It is noned that Confucius was born in answer to his p arents prayers. Confucius surname Kong means an phonation of thankfulness when prayers adopt been answered. He stemmed from the Chang dynasty 500 years before the birth of Christ. According to the text, the exact details of his childhood vary. Some say that he grew up in a wealthy household. Other reports say that he stemmed from a p overty stricken background. savants do agree that Confucius existed during a cartridge clip of crisis in China.The crisis stemmed from the challenge to the ruler posed by the three Huan families. By heredity they had the right to occupy the ministerial offices of the Lu government. It is recorded that he entertained himself during his youth by arranging rituals and staging ceremonies. This turmoil in society had an effect on Confucius. He thought that if the thinking of society would kind it would change the way things were done. The notion of society must change. Individuals must strive to be noble as possible. (Confucius, 2013) During his early adult life, Confucius took on odd jobs to deport him-self and assumedly his family. He was most often unemployed with very li ttle money. He was said to be a very humble and sympathetic man that had a passion for government. He believed in sharing his knowledge with the world.What was most important to Confucius was not holding an official governmentalposition but upholding his moral beliefs. Confucius held dickens moral shelters. Per the text, his two main ideals were to grow excellent individuals that would be great social leaders. And secondly, he wanted to create a harmonious society. (Molly, 2010) His concern for others is demo through his regard for the conventions communicated in the belief of do unto others as you would have them do unto you. That principle is more commonly known as the Golden Rule. Confucius also believed that everyone had a social responsibility these social responsibilities were communicated into the five great relationships. Duties were identified by what social classification you were included in. With all five of the great relationships at that place is a high aim of r espect that is shown. Each party is held in the same regard as the other.He established a school with the intent to produce and develop supreme individuals. He wanted to teach his students to mentally and morally expand their social views and to practice self-discipline. Confucius teachings to his disciples were recorded in the book of analects. His teachings were informal and primarily delivered in lectures. His teachings were not religious. The focus of his teachings revolved around the Six Arts archery, calligraphy, music, com allotation, chariot driving and ritual. (Confucius, 2013)According to an article written by Valerie Sartor, she notes He (Confucius) must have been a highly persuasive speaker, and a magnetic personality, for he convinced many men to become his disciples. (Sarator, V., 2009) He is said to have had 3,000 students and 72 disciples, with whom he traveled with throughout China. (China Today, 2005) Confuciuss principles and virtues still have a heavy influence on Chinese religion. At the while, his teachings provided guidelines for the Chinese upbringingal system. Common characteristics the Confucianism religionConfucius put forth kindness to pieceity and kind-heartedness and teaches people to do unto others what you would like for yourself, (19962013 A+E Television Networks, LLC). His social philosophy was base primarily on the principle of Ren, loving others (Moloy 2010). The people believed in him and his teachings. Confucius, said when people are produced the distinction between classes of people will disappear and this will bring musical harmony amongst people. Religions, such as Buddhism has a lot in common withConfucianism, both believed in spiritual development, having good morals and harmony amongst ourselves.Confucianism and Buddhism also believed that people should act with good manners, and have good etiquette. In todays world, Chinese strongly push themselves in education, learning different languages, mathematics and a rts. Confucius saw no difference between people with money and the ones without money. He believed that anyone can be superior and he teaches his student to be noble and with good character and with education you can achieve a lot and anything. Education will also make a better way of life. Confucianism also value males over females on that point for males have dominance over the women.The comparison between Confucianism and Hinduism teachings is that they are both similar, both religions meditate and having good ethics. Confucianism and Buddhism are also similar. They both do supposition and they both believe in end of measly and the love for each other.Interactions between the modern world and ConfucianismIn todays society it is easy to check over that religion in the modern world would face multiple challenges and changes. Some of the advances today scientifically such as DNA genetics, reproducing of children, and major organ organ transplant surgery are all doubtfulnesss t hat men and women in the earlier durations didnt have to worry slightly. They are many eastern cities that are the foundation base for certain religions. At one point these religions were thought of as foreign. We now live in a world where every place to visit and Remote Island in the world is may be featured on the travel channel. Television exposes all creation in the world the different cultures and conversion as well as the different religions.Every day this world we live in is constantly evolving. It makes you think of where this world would be in the future. The writer started to question in what ways would religion change. From the beginning when religion was first introduced erect take a moment to think about how much it has changed. There is no way possible to predict that far into the future, but we can make an educated guess based on the things that are transpiring today in religion. There are many different influences that make up religions and how they continue t o evolve throughout the years. It was not long ago, the majority of most human beings in the world lived as farmers, and in small villages, and monarchs ruled the majority of thecountries.As time passed we slowly begin to see less kings and queens and in some counties they just disappeared. Some governments were formed and a lot of people traded in rural life for a big city lifestyle. There was a period of time where people traveled sometimes out of the country in order to taste different food or experience firsthand the way of life story for another culture. Now you can purchase a Whopper at a burger king located in Switzerland or have the pleasure of beverage a cup of Starbucks coffee in Hong Kong. With all these changes and our world as we know it today is steadily evolving it makes you take a moment to think about how the cultural unifications will change religion.In the past many religions preached the value of being less fortunate and living a simple but comfortable lifestyl e. Things that were taught held value because it was a reflection of the lifestyle of the majority of people. Today in religion we see exhortation from the poor to get ahead and how money can be the center of the religion. In the new world contact is always attainable. There are many different items that we have that can be used to educate men and women on Confucianism and some of the religion interactions. Its common to utilize television, radio, books, magazines and most important internet to close in the gap that once unbroken every culture and religion separate. More frequently are we seeing where religions adopt different beliefs and religious ways from other religions. Contemporary Issues in ConfucianismThe beliefs of Confucianism are written in the Sacred Narratives as Confucian thinking, believed that learning from the past is fundamental (Beversluis, 1995). Confucius did not eliminate the possibility of a reality beyond the human world. However he believed that a human did not have the capacity to understand such a world. He believed that human morals should be based on human relationships, without reference to some higher order (Beversluis, 1995). Most Confucian scholars believed that the human being existence is based upon reaching ones highest potential in life. And that by achieving the ultimate goal of a perfect person is a lifelong process of self-cultivation (Beversluis, 1995).We also see that the belief in suffering and evil by some Confucian scholars are inevitable in human life. These two problems can promote learning and growth. A mistake does not label one as a sinner, but one should take it as opportunity to learn and growfrom the mistake. Even though some humans are incapable of feeling empathy, the suffering of others for most should provide motivation for moral growth (Beversluis, 1995). Confucius believed that human beings should live and conduct their lives with good moral statures so that they can exist in harmony with others, rath er than hoping to be rewarded or punished in the afterlife (Beversluis, 1995). Womans role in ConfucianismNow let us take a typeface at the role of women in Confucianism. A womans role in this religion is that of subservience and obedience. Scholar Xiao Ma has said Women always have been fighting for a way out of the Confucian shadows. According to Women And Confucianism (1996-2012)the Confucian structure of society, women at every level were to occupy a position lower than men. Most Confucians accepted the subservience of women to men as natural and proper order of life. At the same time they accorded womens honor and power as mother and mother-in-law within their family end quote.Some Neo-Confucian saying as it regards to women are, Womans greatest duty is to produce a son, Disorder is not sent down by Heaven, it is produced by women, Women are to be led and to follow others and a favorite by male Confucians is, A woman should look on her husband as if he were Heaven itself, and never weary of thinking how she may yield to him (Women And Confucianism, 1996-2012). Sacred textsSacred texts associated with Confucianism are The Five Classics. These are the oblige of Songs (Sh Jng), The Classic of History (Sh Jng), The Classic of Rites (L J), The Book of Changes (I Ching), and The Spring and Autumn Annals (Chn Qi). The Four Books, which are The Analects of Confucius (Ln Y), The Mencius (Mng Z), The gigantic Learning (D Xu) and The Doctrine of the Golden Mean (Zhng Yng). The Thirteen Classics and the Three Commentaries (Hare, 2010).The Five Great RelationshipsThe Five Great Relationships were implemented by Confucius so that everyone would know the role they played in society and conduct themselves accordingly. These five bonds are those of ruler and field of operations compassion in rulers, loyalty in ministers and subjects father and son kindness in thefather, filial piety in a son husband and wife righteous behavior in the husband, obedience in the wife el der brother and younger brother gentility in the oldest son, humility and respect in the younger siblings and friend and friend humane consideration in elders, deference in juniors.Confucianism today, is mainly practiced in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam. There are over six million devotees who practice Confucianism. In the past Confucianism was the state philosophy in China, but this has drastically decreased in todays world due to communism in China (Beversluis, 1995). However as recently as 2011 we saw President Hu Jintao introducing the idea of a Harmonious Socialist partnership in order to officially revive this fading religion in China. There has been several network of cultural Confucius institutes set up globally by the Chinese government, as well as erecting a statue of Confucius in Tiananmen Square.ConclusionMaster Kong (Confucius) was a man of great moral standings and character. Even if many in the beginning of the religion disliked him, he has been immortalized by the Chinese Government because of the millions of followers he has to this day.

Capitalism Racism And Patriarchy

A specific targeted attack Is needed to dismantle septets of oppression. Marxism alone cannot adequately address inequalities of race and sexual activity because it ignores the historical impacts of race and grammatical gender As such critical problems will persist Patriarchy Is not Just a superstructure It is an free-lance oppressive system of rules which must also be dismantled before true renewal can occur Patriarchal norms will persist In the home (home Is a reflection of lodge) Marxist revolution alone is not sufficient for gender and race equalityPatriarchy and Capitalism and Racism all oppress women as allied scarce independent systems Therefore the revolution that Marx envisioned, a society that would operate under equality for all would need to address them as such and challenge them finished a combined attack Marx believed that economic change would lead to cultural change and all other forms of oppression would eventually ceases For Marx and Angels women were seen a s a the mens room proletariat They concluded that childc are and housework needed to be socialized Assumed that production shapes human consciousness and societyClass takes precedence class based revolution rather than race and gender based movements Is womens integration into production enough to make patriarchy fall? Considers the liberation of women and minorities only within the context of a gender-blind, color-blind, class-based society emancipation of those oppressed by class Critics of Marx Marx theory focuses only on work as a means of oppression Minimizes Patriarchy and Racists find out by using Communism as a blanketed one size fits all approach to eliminating all forms of oppressionArgue that the dynamics between Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Racism as independent but mutually supportive systems that must be overthrown together Destruction of Capitalism alone will not guarantee that these other systems will be abolished Oppression can continue in the home Creates a double day for women Does not address issues of occupational segregation Which continue to keep women in subjugated positions Creates the risk that the oppressions of women and minorities will be considered a non-integral part of the transition to CommunismSince such oppressions are viewed as superstructures and therefore secondary to economic issues Under this system of logic Patriarchy and Racism will be allowed to survive which highlights the need for a triangulated approach. Failure to address them as such may lead prevent initiatives to evanesce them from being taken seriously (strictly compeld) Patriarchy and Racism are culturally ingrained It is necessary to disarm the weapons of capitalism in order to neutralize their personal effects on those that they target.By allowing these struggles to be viewed as secondary (or simply ignored) The establishment of policies that will address these oppressions will only be dependent on the whims of revolutionary leadership Will benefit wom en and minorities only when there interests align with those of the revolution. Interest convergence) Strong cultural ideals restricting women to the home will continue to discourage them from participating in the workforce Not everything that supports the revolution will necessarily eliminate patriarchy and racism More likely it will lead to half measures which will in turn produce only half successes (gender assigned occupational segregation) Even colonization will continue to perpetuate gaps in workforce participation regeneration alone will not achieve the full scale equality that Marx presumed would follow as a result of the end of Capitalism A society where women and minorities can become full economic partners REQUIRES a re-envisioning of the household so as to professionalism and collective the tasks traditionally performed by each woman in her soulfulness home.However women are still left with the majority of responsibility for the home and hillier and this only perpetuat es patriarchal values about women and mens places in society Whether commitment to gender and racial liberation is real or mere rhetoric How can we trust a system birthed within oppression of women and racism to truly turn either group? All the services provided for women are disproportionately provided by women for example childcare services and even after a revolution they are likely to stay the same since Marxist theory ignores how these systems have manifested occupational segregation for example. Even if laws are created to address these systems it will be difficult to enforce them within a society that has been conditioned by these racial and patriarchal beliefs and as such will most likely fail to have any(prenominal) meaningful impact Culturally women are Just assumed to take on domestic duties.That the majority of childcare, nursing, housekeeping are still predominately occupied by women only serves to highlight the cultural significance of patriarchy which Marxism igno res. Even under Marxism this suggests that society would be hesitant to abandon the rotational role of women as the homemaker and therefore ignore how this dynamic would result in women being subjected to a disproportionate burden within society. Which Marxism inherently ignores. As such Marxism fails to address racist and patriarchal institutions which on the surface appear to be race and gender neutral. Racism and Patriarchy are not merely Just cultural ideologies Roles of women and minorities in high leadership positions continue to be lacking.

Significance of Black Madonna

Notwithstanding its sociological, historic, literary and religious signifi force outce to the life of many people in different p prowesss of the reality, the origin and essence of the benighted bloody shame which serves as the holy icon of the new Mary and Polands national symbol remains to be a debate to many people as far as the history, literature and religion be concerned. The presence of inexorable bloody shame are far-flung all across the country and they are nearlyly establish insidethe churches and cathedrals and they all point towards the im hop on of Mary and the Christ.This image may gift been formed centuries agone but its historical significance and importance travelled and withstood the test of time. The word bloody shame originated from Italy which means our lady. Thie term con nones a title of respect for the Virgin Mary and it is often applied to works of art, most especially to the m different andchildimagewhich is popularly k straightawayn as Madonna and Ch ild . Religion tells that melanise Madonna is the re nowadaysation of the image of Virgin Mary which was tested by times that is why it was transformed into its todays total darkness image.Also, church leaders claim that black-market Madonna has noting to do with the Culture of the African-Americans. It is stated, nevertheless, that the abusive Madonnas became black they were greatly influenced by the tillages and traditions of the erosive Americans. The icon transformed into black because it was affected by the place where most of these images can be found. On the other hand, history and literature dictate that Black Madonna is the changed representation of the early statues of the African Goddess Isis and her son Horus which greatly influenced most of the religions of the world today.Society has associated the color black with something negative but in the past, this was not the case. For instance, black was connected with fertility and growth and it is good to think of it not as a color bt as an absence of color. From this perspective, the Black Madonna became an icon for inclusion. She became a guide and a comfort for people from all walks of life and race. In term of psychology, darkness represents somethin unknown to consciousness and more often than not, thse gifts involve qualities of the females like intuition and emotion.It must be born in mind that the term feminine does not necessarily refer to the female specie because both sexes have masculine and feminine qualities. With this in mind, it can be give tongue to that the Black Madonnas symnolize regeneration because this image succors people discover their inner gifts and assists them in bringing those gifts into the surface . Amid these numerous explanations from the different perspectives in the society, until today, on that point are no clear and certain(prenominal) position on the real origin of the Black Madonna which is believed to be the representation of Virgin Mary.Even thou gh the different claims seem to contradict each other with regards to the origin of the icon or image, the Black Madonna is considered to be one of the most influential religious icon to most of the people in the present generation. The origin of Black Madonna A Black Madonna may refer to an icon, painting, fresco or sculpture of Virgin Mary which is usually found in churches, sanctuaries and chapels. It is too called as Black Virgin since Mary is portrayed with dark or black skin. approximately believe that this portrayal of Virgin Mary was originated from the culture of the Black Americans since many of these Black Madonnas were found in the areas with large black populations such as in the United States. whatever claim that the color of these images have no significance or value since they were only repainted by black color laterward being restored to its original pale-skinned coloring brought by the age of time. Nevertheless, amidst its sociological, historical and religious significance to many parts of the world, the origin of the Black Madonna still remains a question left unanswered to many of its devotees.Some of the illustrious Black Virgin shrines, which we usually see in the cathedrals and churches, are Loreto, Zaragoza, Chartes, Rocamadour, Guadalupe and Montserrat . Black Madonnas are found throughout the world including Belgium, Croatia, Ecuador, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Sicily, Spain, Switzerland and the United States . The first Black Madonna and Child portraits and statues were believed to be from Isis and Horus . Isis was a black African goddess from Nile Valley civilizations whose worship diffused to most of ancient civilizations.Before the first Egyptian dynasty, Isis was worshiped by the Nubians for more than ccc years. It is believed that Isis religion had a lot of similarities to the to the worlds religions which include Buddhism, Hinduism and Christian ity. For instance, Horus, the son of Isis, was from a virgin mothers immaculate conception and said to walk on water like rescuer Christ. The husband of Isis named Osiris was also resurrected, like Jesus, after he was murdered. When other religions became popular, the Black Madonna and Child statues of Isis and Horus were not destroyed but their names were only changed.For example, Isis and Horus were changed to Devaki and Krishna in Hinduism or Maya and Buddha in Buddhism. The Japanese called Isis as Kwannon while Chinese changed the name to Kwa-yin. In the 1985 book of Ean Begg entitled The Cult of the Black Virgin, there were 450 identified images of the Black Virgin and Child in Europe with 190 statues in France only. Because of the dominating influence of the Isis religion, it is believed that the African goddess had significant contributions to the civilization of the continent.For instance, Paris is actually believed to be named after Isis since Para-Isis signifies Place of Isis. Likewise, Note Dame which means Our Lady is a manifestation that the cathedral of the Catholics is nothing but more than as enlargement of the temple of Isis in the ancient civilizations . Some also believe that Black Virgin, aside from its resemblance to the portrayal of Isis and Horus of the ancient Egyptians, has the strong connection to the medieval Knights Templar and Mary Magdalene .For instance, the famous Black Virgin la Madone des Fenestres which means The Madonna of the Windows was believed to have folk traditional significance since the place where this statue was believed to be a place where many Templars were massacred. Some associate Black Madonnas with African-American cultures. Nevertheless, church literature strongly denies this claim since church officials insist that the Madonnas became black because of the smoke from candles and dirt and eventually because of the old age of the statues .Meanwhile, the Black Madonna in Southern Provencal tradition is associ ated with the patron of the Gypsies called St. Lara . The patron saint is considered to be the black assistant who accompanied the three Marys to France when they fly from the Holy Land after Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Meanwhile, during 1934, an icon of the Virgin Mother and Child was brought to the Pauline monastery of Jasna Gora or the Bright Mountain in westbound Poland. The icon was said to be donated by the Prince of Opole in Silesia. Some told that the icon was painted by St. Luke on boards from table of the Holy Family in Nazareth.And the face of the said icon is black . There are other countless theories about the origin of the Black Madonnas or Black Virgins but until today, there is no cover explanation about the history or origin of the now famous image in the religious sectors of the world. There are many who look at Black Madonna in relation to some of the goddesses know to men like Kali of India, Hecate and Medusa of Greece and Isis of Egypt. These grounds generat es a spiritual as headspring as a psychological substance that raises the Black Madona to a level of great importance and significance in the modern world .Today, the statues of Isis and Horus are now called Mary and Jesus and there are millions of pilgrims who are visiting the Black Madonna shrines since they are believed to be miraculous to the devotees. Some claim that the statues can help heal towns of plague, make infertile women pregnant, bring back dead babies to life, save countries from war and the like. One of the obvious testimonies of the miracle from the Black Virgin in Poland was the experience of pontiff John Paul II when he prayed to the statue for his recovery from his gun shot wound .After the miracle happened to Pope John Paul II, several miraculous events were credited after the Black Virgins including saving Poland from Russia in 1769. In fact, in 1968, the Black Madonna shrine in Poland received over 66, 000 thank you letters for healing and other miraculous events . The meaning of Black Madonna Theories about the definition of darkness of the figure and mystery behind the dark image have been established everywhere. What Black Madonna represents is not an easy question to answer.There is a tendency that one answer may lead to several more questions which demand plenty more explanations. One of the possible reasons for this dilemma lies in the difficulty of consciously incorporating the feminine aspect of life in a particular culture and most especially, a darker side of it. Another reason is the characteristic and nature of the dark feminine itself which clearly defies any attempt to generate limits as to what she really represents. However, no effect what many people may say and observe, the Black Madonna mirrors herself in the personal as well as collective lives of the people.This dark side generates intimations to the most essential of meanings through the use of images, literature, works of arts and even dreams . It is noteworthy to mention that the word black can be a misnomer for some of the Madonnas because not all of them are color black in its literal sense, some of them are painted with different shades of black. The original artists of many Black Madonnas are lost in time but most people know that the most powerful representations of the Black Madonna were made during the 11th and 12th centuries.The Shrines of the Black Madonnas are often located in the seat of great power and in the locations where the earth emits energies. From a religious perspective, the Black Madonna represents the honor and veneration of the female form. Christ, the center of Christianity is a male and it was from Mary that the church found a representative of the female specie towards divinity . Theories about the meaning of Black Madonna are often connected to the image of pre-Christian ideas and their religions.Because the Madonna and Child looks like the Egyptian images of Isis and Horus, there is a possibility that the dar k skin of the Black Madonnas may be a referene to the Egyptian roots of the image. The Dark-Skinned madoonas may likewise be based on other pre-Christian figures. There are also other theories that the Black Madonnas were made as a representation of a mother or a feminine figure by using terrestrial tones. This theory suggests that the light-skinned Madonnas depict purity and chastity while another theory holds that the Black Madonnas were intended to bea historically accurate imageof a Semitic fair sex from the Middle East named Mary.There are some historians who said that the Black Madonnas were conceptualized after Middle Ages because during these times, the light-skinned images were the norm but regardless of what the case maybe, the Black Madonnas captured the financial aid of believers and non-believers for centuries . During the Victorian society, there was a time when the black female writers seemed to lean towards binding their female characters in an image of chastity b ecause they want to overcomea heritage of concubinage.The women then were portrayed as either a martyr or a saint and in the attempt of the writers such as Harriet Jacobs and Frances Harper to remove the assort of a sinful woman, they robbed the personalities of their characters of their sexual identity thereby makingthem pure and holy much like the Virgin Mary. This situation combined with the gender dilemma becomes a double jeopardy. According to Faith Pullin, the black woman faces a painful situation of the double strain of being a woman in a dominant male society and being black amidst the racial discrimination.Novels about the early African American women talks abou the situation of double jeopardy for black women. These women are marginalized by race and gender. According to the notions of the period during that time, the true woman is a character of virtue like Madonna pure, pious and submissive . Some theologians say that Black Madonna represents diversity. The femininity and the blackness of the Black Madonna calls men towards gender and racial diversity. This figure calls for uniformity of the masculine and feminine sex, the conclave of the white and the dark goddess in order for the wholeness and unity can arise amidst the diversity.The Black Madonna may be interpreted as a symbolism of man in the form of a metaphor as men moves towards the newreality of the modern wornd. The survival of men in this age allow for matter on their willingness to appreciate and understand the unity amidst the diversity . Conclusion There are plenty of images of Black Madonna that exist worldwide. Reports showthat at one time, there may have been more than 500 images that are mostly in Europe and France. In todays world, there are many people whose interest in the Black Madonnas have increased over the years.Some of her most popular incarnations are found in countries from all over the globe in the form of literature, art and paintings. The Black Madonna may mean m any things to many people but everyone must bear in mind that this image serves as a powerful reminder of the inspiration that it brought to the society. In her image, many people found their comforter, guide and power. She has been and always will be the feminine side of men that will never fail to shed light during trying times. Bibliography Davies, Norman. Europe a history. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1996.Dickson, Elinor, Woodman, Marion. Dancing in the Flames The Dark Goddess in the Transformation of Consciousness. Toronto Canada Publishing, 1996. Faqs. org. Madonna, Religious. Faqs. org. http//www. faqs. org/childhood/Ke- Me/ Madonna-Religious. hypertext mark-up language (Accessed May 6, 2010). Foster, Nikki. What is Black Madonna? . WiseGeek. com. http//www. wisegeek. com/ what-is-a-black-madonna. htm (Accessed May 6, 2010). Gustafson, Fred. The Black Madonna. USA Daion Verdag, 2008. Kaiser, Laurie. The Black Madonna Notions of True Womanhood from Jacobs to Hurston. Sout h Atlantic Review, 2008, 60 (), 97-09.

Genocide in Bosnia Essay

The Bosnian genocide is oftentimes referred to as the hidden genocide, yet it had catastrophic effects on humanity. every space 100,000 people were killed and it displaced millions of people. The genocide occurred between 1992 and 1995. The Social Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was made up of six nations under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito. Once Tito passed away in 1990, at that place was a power vacuum, and politicians began a nationalistic campaign pitting Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks against each different. Hence, the beginning of an pagan cleansing war (Campbell, 2003 p.511). Once Milosevic was the President of Republic of Serbia, he encouraged formation of violent uprisings by Serb nationals. Milosevic was interested in creating an ethnic eithery pure Serb nation. Milosevics ambition worried the nations in the federal government then Croatia and Slovenia declared themselves independent from the republic. However, Croatia was not allowed to give way because it had 12% o f the Serbian population. Hence Croatia became a battlefield between 1991- 1996. Bosnia-Herzegovina watched the horrors in Croatia as they worried about themselves macrocosm the next victim. Bosnia-Herzegovina held a referendum in 1992 and declared itself free from the republic.The Serbs in Bosnia were not happy about it, and they began fighting with the support of the Yugoslavian National Army. Bosnia and Croatia lacked weapons to defend themselves because the UN had enacted an embargo, thus they were victims of an endless cycle of violence, displacement and death (Schott, 2011 p.19). Serbian plan of attack entailed the following steps concentration, decapitation, separation, evacuation ad liquidation. During concentration stage, Serbian soldiers would warn Serbians to leave the town they were about to attack and surround the city with artillery fire. The second stage involved execution of the towns leaders, armed services and intelligence. On the third stage, Serbian soldiers w ould separate women, children and old people from fighting group. Women, children and old people would be taken to concentration camps, while the young people were executed. This brings me to the state of this essay. Women were targeted in specific ways when compared to men. Un wish well, the young male soldiers who were executed, women lived longer to and experienceuntold suffering under the Serb soldiers.Women were interchangeably used by soldiers as familiar trophies (Lentin, 1997). This essay analyses the genocide on a gendered frame, so as to shine light on the awful atrocities women faced in the hands of Serbian militia. From a gender frame, versed violence in war cannot be reduced to psychological attributes of the perpetrators. Genocidal rape has to be analyzed in terms of kind structures. colza in Bosnia was systematic, since it was planned. Bosnian genocide is the only genocide that women bodies were used as a battlefield. This genocide trampled upon all women rights. The Serbian militants lacked respect and sympathy for women. The Yugoslav army, Bosnian Serb forces and Chetniks came up with a versed violence campaign against Croats and Muslim women. They killed, imprisoned, terrorized and raped women in the hope that they would leave and never come back. The attack on women was not an accident. It was premeditated as a lot of soldiers took part in inner violence campaign. Their commanders were aware of what was going on, and they turned a blind eye.The attackers used the bone & Brana plan of attack (1991). The plan said that successful attacks should be the one carried out on the enemys weakest point. The weakest point during wars is usually women and children. By struggle the weakest point, they were able to spread panic and fear in the population hence Croats and Bosnians could only run away for safety (Abreu, 2005 p.5). Since this was an ethnic cleansing war, the Serbian armed forces believed that sexual violence against women was an act of tainting the bloods of the Croats and Bosnians (Allen, 1996 p. 23). Culture and religion played a big part in this war hence the attackers believed that they were annihilating their glossiness through sexual violence. The Serbians waged a psychological warfare on their enemies, such that they believed that by raping women, impregnating them and forcefully aborting their fetuses they were cleansing them. The Serbian armed forces also carried out sexual assaults against men. Serbia, Bosnia and almost all Balkan nations are uprightnessfully heterosexual nations.Hence by raping men, they were degrading them or feminizing them and making them powerless. By raping their victims, the victims were gendered as feminine or given over with feminine qualities of vulnerability. Apart from the psychological effects of sexual violence on women, women faced a lot of physical suffering in the rape camps. The Serbian forces had created rape camps as a substitute forconcentration camps, so that they would use them to sexually violate women. In fact the Serbian forces had a modus operandi for sexually assaulting women (Abreu, 2005 p.11). The modus operandi was characterized by three patterns public rape of children and women in their villages, sporadic rape of women and children in concentration camps and lastly rape in death/ rape camps. During the three stages women were subjected to all kinds of violence. Women went through gang rapes, sexual mutilations, force impregnation and childbirth, sexual abuse with foreign objects and family members were agonistic to rape their women. The extreme sexual violence was meant to defile, destroy the corporation and to make them leave.It is obvious that the war was motivated by nationalistic intentions, but the way the war was carried out, misogyny is another probable cause of the war. Most atrocities that took place in Bosnia genocide have been termed as femicidal (Turpin 1998 p. 67). Bosnians and Croats have traditional cultures . Women are supposed to be pure, and when they are not pure they are ostracized from the society. After the genocide, women who were victim of sexual violence were avoided. The tainted women were no longer acceptable by their friends and families, and this was the goal of the Serbian perpetrators. This justifies the fact that misogyny could have been another reason for the war. In a gendered frame analysis, it is clear that there was feminization of the genocide (MacKinnon, 2006 p.18). In genocide, women are usually seen as universal victims. versed violence against women is seen as a mortal sin against motherhood.The notion of combat and battlefields are constructs of masculinity. The Serbian armed forces believed that through sexual violence campaign, they would turn their victims powerless (Femininity) analysis of war is often carried out from a masculine point of view. However, Bosnia genocide is gendered, as it represents women as victims, sexual objects, symbolic of their nat ion and repositories of their families. The Serbs militia believed that by defiling the women, they would be defiling the nations (Bosnia and Croatia) Collins (1996) attempts to beg off genocidal rape from a feminist perspective, he says that women are the ones who hold families and the community. Their physical and emotional destruction through rape is a symbol of destruction of the social and cultural stability of a nation. The sexual violence involved heightened sadism, for instance forceful rape with family members. The sexual violenceaimed at destroying the victims emotionally, destroying the community and imposing restrictions on women so as to control births. The sexual genocide did not only target the individual victim, but it targeted the group too. Rape as a genocide strategy destroys womens role as mothers and caregivers, hence the pivotal source of the life to the community is destroyed.According to Mc Kinnon (2006, 187), sexual campaign was used by the Serbian military as a tool for political campaign, soldiers were to rape under orders. The sexual violence campaign was characterized by forced rape and forced impregnation. After the Croatian and muslim women were sexually abuse, they were denied abortions so that they would give birth to Serb babies. strained impregnation was seen as a way of destroying the maternal community as they gave birth to the child of the enemy ( Allen, 1996 p.76). The rapists violated the rights of women through forceful procreation, which is a deliberate and a sadist act. The children of the rapists often stigmatized or abandoned as they brought negative memories to their mothers. The forced pregnancies on rape victims were seen as a way of preventing births among the Croats and Muslims. The perpetrators of rape believed that they were producing Little Chetniks. From a feminist perspective, the act of forced impregnation is like imposing a social death on the victims. The women were tortured, and they did not want tho se children. It turned Croatian and Muslim women as gestating beings for the enemy.Stories from the war show a lot of women who enumerateed how they were raped repeatedly until they were pregnant, and the women wanted nothing to do with the children. Another explanation of forced rape is the fact that rape was used as a tool of biological warfare. Forced rape and impregnation meets the requirement of biological warfare according to international practice of law (Seifet, 1996 p.42). MacKinnon also analyzes Bosnian rape by comparing it with crock. In the 1990s, pornography was very common in Yugoslavia. When porn is common in a society, the whole population learns to dehumanize women and inflict sexual assault. Pornographic materials provided the need indigence and materials for Serbian forces. In the rape camps, women were ordered to perform for men in fact some rapes were filmed and sold as pornographic products since they could not be differentiated from actual pornography. The films were even released in the media so as to amass popularity for Bosnian war. The dialogues in the pornography were used toimplicate Croatian soldiers. According to MacKinnon (2006), sexual violence was used so consciously and cynically in a way that destroyed people.Once pornography was released, more Serbian forces were encouraged to continually assault women. Genocidal rape in Bosnia was seen as an ethno marker. Ethnic markers are things such as dressing, lifestyle and language. The Serbians, Croats and Bosnians had almost similar ethnic markers. Since they were a part of Yugoslavia republic, the ethnic lines had been blurred. Rape was used by the Serbs to act as a moral ethno marker, as it separated them from the Croats and Muslims. They felt that it created cultural superiority of the Serbians. In fact Serbian law was amended to include ethnic rape, and they believed that the differences in ethnicity aggravated the crime. The mass rapes occurred in places where Serbs were a minority when compared to the size of Croats and Muslims (Allen, 1996 p.19). This was a way of asserting their superiority in the region. Sexual violence was also used to socialize new military recruits. Rape isolated the new recruits from the community and prepared them for battlefield. In Bosnia, sexual violence perpetrated by new recruits occurred in front of other soldiers and the victims even know their perpetrators. The Bosnian war was used by the Serbs to renegotiate their relationship with the other Balkan nations. Rape was seen as a way of establishing new boundaries, as they felt that they were the superior ethnic group.From a gender based analysis it is evident that the sanctioned framework did not address the sexual violence against women in Bosnia well (MacKinnon, 2006 p.89). The law blamed the genocide on ethnicity, and disregarded the fact that it was sex based. The Serb military attack on women was premeditated and executed in three stages. The creation of rape camp s shows that the intent was sexually based, in as much as it was ethnically motivated. Failure by the law to acknowledge this is a huge set back on women rights. The law perpetuates patriarchy in legal constructs in impingement of women rights. Failure to acknowledge it also prevents the law from addressing the genocidal rape adequately. The law is ignoring the existence and horrifying effects of genocidal sexual terrorism to women (Abreu, 2005 p. 16). This is quite cowardly as the law uses ethnicity to cover the severe harm that women suffered in the hands of Serbian militants. The law enables the perpetrators to hide under ethnic crimes, yet they committed more inhumane atrocities. The law usually acknowledges sexualcrimes, but sexual crimes during genocides were only termed as other inhumane acts. This is blatant sex discrimination propagated by the law.In conclusion, analyzing genocide on a gender framed perspective gives various explanations and perspectives on the violence ag ainst women in Bosnia. The sexual violence against women in Bosnia genocide is distinct. Many women can recount the horror they went through in the hands of the Serbian perpetrators. The violence against women was planned as a war strategy. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) should signalize genocidal sex terrorism, rather than hiding it under ethnic-based persecutions (Campbell, 2003 p.509). Serbian militants reduced women as a means of achieving their goals for the genocide. Addressing this problem will help the victim feel like they have achieved some semblance of justice, though nothing can compare to what they went through. Genocide sexual terrorism should be acknowledged by the law, and the legal elements regarding it should be outlined. Using a gender frame to analyze genocide helps us learn about the psychological and social reasons for rape during genocides, rather than just expression that they were raped because they belonged to the enemys side.ReferencesAbreu, Veronica. (2005) Womens Bodies as Battlefields In The Former Yugoslavia An Argument For The Prosecution Of Sexual Terrorism As Genocide And For The Recognition of Genocidal Sexual Terrorism As A Violation Of Jusc Cogens Under International legality. The Georgetown Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. V11 Allen, B (1996) Rape Warfare The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. Campbell, K., 2003, Rape as a Crime Against Humanity Trauma, Law and Justice in the ICTY, Journal of Human Rights, 2(4) 507515. Caringella, S., (2008) Addressing Rape Reform in Law and Practice, New York Columbia University Press. Jones, Adam (2006) Genocide A Comprehensive Introduction. New York City Routledge, 2006. MacKinnon, C., (2006) Are Women Human? And Other International Dialogues, Cambridge MA Harvard University Press. Ringelheim, J.M. (1997) Genocide and gender a split memory in R. Lentin (editor) Gender and Catastrophe. London Z ed Books. Schott, R. (2011), War Rape, Natality and Genocide, Journal of GenocideResearch, 13(1/2) 5-21.Seifert, R., (1996), The Second Front The system of logic of Sexual Violence in Wars, Womens Studies International Forum, 19(1/2) 3543. Turpin, J. (1998) Many faces women confronting war in L.A. Lorentzen and J. Turpin (editors) The Women and War Reader. New York New York University Press.

Beloved Duncan Murdered Essay

The flow of blood stopped and History recorded a tragic death. King Duncan over the past ten years has proved to be the most trusted noble. He is a good and Godly man, friend to the poor and defender of the downtrodden, but unfortunately he is no more(prenominal) with the pile of Scotland. On the grim evening of November 10th, the great King Duncan of Scotland was executioned in his chamber. According to the porter, King Duncan was paying a visit to the castle of his Thane, Lord Macbeth, during the clip of his death. The porter further mentioned that Lord Macbeth had arranged a grand feast for the king and his newss during their visit to Macbeths castle in celebration of Macbeths parvenu titles.After the feast, drunken guests resided to their correct chamber and no disturbances were recorded throughout the night until the following morning when the King was found lying dead in his bed with multiple stab wounds to the chest. The main suspects of this unexpected murder include th e Kings two sons as well as his guards. The guards were found the close morning with the murder weapons, along with blood smeared all up and down their body. However, Duncans sons fled the scene and are in addition suspected for the murder of their father.In an consultation with Lord Macbeth he stated, early in the morning, two noblemen, Macduff and Lennox were called to the castle to visit King Duncan, but when they entered their kings chamber they exclaimed o horror, horror, horror Macbeth also stated, before the investigators could examine the scene, the chamberlains were killed as a punishment for committing this gruesome deed. Macbeth was very upset throughout the duration of the consultation. He expressed his distress and great overtaking by showing his love and affection for the King and said he provide do everything in his power to find the killer and punish him.An interview with two Scottish nobleman was also held follow the murder of King Duncan. During his interview , Lennox commented on what a terriblenight it had been. He said the wind had winded chimneys down and described how it howled so terribly, but unfortunately refrained from further questioning about the murder to uphold the familys wishes for privacy.Macduff however agreed to answer more questions. Macduff stated during his interview, It is speculated that the kings sons had bribed the guards to kill Duncan because the crown passes to the nearest eligible kin. After hearing the news of their fathers murder, King Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, fearing their lives, fled Scotland. It appears to the people of Scotland that the sons hasty departure makes them prime suspects of the crime.King Duncans body was removed from Macbeths chamber in order for interment preparations. The Kings remains will be buried in the kings burial grounds in Scotland. Once news of the murder was released to the public, the people of Scotland began mourning for their beloved king and immediately began f ocusing all efforts on uncovering who committed this foul deed.Unfortunately, this tragic murder remains unsolved. Investigations will continue until this mystery is solved. Townspeople are encouraged to come forward with any and all information that may lead to solving of this crime.

The Jade Peony

dissertation peerlesss personal culture and sense of tradition will al steerings be a strong part of the self, regardless of external factors which can have a profound influence on ones life. Subtopic 1 ones value, habits and loyalty to his culture and tradition ar not easily changed. exercising But we collect for the heart, Kiam-Kim, Father verbalise. We help alone the spate of China. I was puzzled. thus far those who kill other Chinese? Yes, Father state. Of course. But never help the lacquerese? Never. (Page 208)Explanation This intelligence is between Kiam-Kim and his father, which is a Chinese family in Canada for a long m. At that time, there is just a war between China and Japanese, and Kiam-Kim, who is the main character in the novel, is collecting money for the donation of Chinese soldiers. Kiam-Kim thinks this money is for blankets, medical supplies, food for orphans but not for bullets or guns. Because at that time, Kiam-Kim just 9 eld old, his childs mind trusts everyone in peace but not in war. But in fact, there are so many wars in China.Not only between Chinese plurality but also between China and Japan. When he asks his father about what these denotation is for, his father tells him that is for all Chinese masses including the people who is fighting with another Chinese people. Because of the hatred of Japan, his father never wants to try anything to Japan. That proves that he will never help his countrys enemy because of his loyalty of China . Subtopic 2 Ones culture can have a profound hold on ones personality, gravity influencing a course of behavior.Example Teach Jung-sum how to kick and pass the ball, Father tell to me. Canada never need soldiers. Need soldiers in China, Poh-Poh said, slapping the last bandage on my arm. She poured her stinging homemade practical application on one of Jungs battle wounds. Fight the warlordsFight the Japanese (Page 230 ) Explanation Poh-Poh is an old doll from old China she used to be in China for such a long time so the impression of Chinas culture has a important part in her life. Although she is in Canada, but she still memorizes the Old China and cares about the things happening here.When the war between China and Japan is broken out, she is always worried about the Old Chinas situation although there is not any war in Canada, so no soldiers are needed. But Kiam-Kims father said Canada never needs soldiers. Poh-Poh thinks about her country, the old China, which needs so many soldiers to attend to the war. So she said Need soldiers in China because the culture of China has such a influence to her. Subtopic 3 We are all placed in a category and perceived in a certain way become of our backgrounds culture, and the human aspect of prejudgment will probably never changed.Example Overnight, the news ran through Chinatown. Perfect Meiying had given herself to a Japanese boy. She had to do something and failed terribly. She had bled to death. Two ambulance arrived, and a gang gathered to watch them take away the bundled body. Explanation When the war between China and Japan becomes to a greater extent and more intensely, every Chinese people including the aboard hate Japan because Japan invade their bring down and attack their compatriots. But Meiying, who is a wonderful girl in Chinatown, has a boyfriend as a Japanese people.In that time, it is such a terrible thing because the Chinese people believe that people who has communication with Japanese is a traitor. Meiying keeps the secret for such a long time but ultimately it is exposed so she can not be under this hard pressure and also dont want to Implicate her parents so she decides to kill herself. So at that time, people think all Japanese people are bad and harmful and attribute them into a category which is bad. So whether the people is good or bad, if he is a Japanese, he will be judged into a harmful people.

The Double Helix – Character Guide

Double Helix Readers Guide * Max Perutz was the head of the unit where crick works at Cambridge University. Perutz as well as sh ared valuable X-ray cryst all toldography imagery with Watson and Crick that he had have from Maurice Wilkins and Franklin. Whether he was supposed to give this information to Watson and Crick without Franklins knowledge is unknown, nor is it entirely known how important her work was to the discoin truth of the structure. Sir Lawrence Bragg the head of the Cavendish laboratory at Cambridge university, met with much resistance from Watson and especially Crick. Bragg is the youngest ever Nobel moolah lurener, which he won for the discovery of the Bragg low of X-ray crystallography. Bragg also wrote the foreword to Watsons book, adding dramatically to the reputability of the book. * John Kendrew English educated, also worked in the Cavendish laboratory under the direction of Bragg. Worked closely with Perutz and shared the 1962 Nobel kale with him fo r their work on X-ray crystallography. Erwin Schrodinger his book What is Life was a great inspiration to Watson, who agreed that galore(postnominal) secrets can be uncovered if the scientific world dedicated itself to discovery of what the true secrets of life are * O. T. Avery important because their research on deoxyribonucleic acid/protein after Griffiths experiment on the transforming factor, was decisive enough for Watson to cogitate that DNA was the genetic material (not protein as was believed) * Max Delbruck pi whizered bacteriophage research which allowed Hershey and Chase to conduct their experiments with hot labeling. Maurice Wilkins was Rosalind Franklins partner in X-ray crystallography and played an important role in providing Watson with the B-structure of DNA that Franklin and Gosling had made. Franklin, Gosling and Wilkins all worked at poofs College, London. * Rosalind Franklin Although Franklin had not agreed to the exchange Wilkins had made (providing of B-structure imagery to Watson), her work turn up that DNA was spiraling and that the bases were on the inside with the sugar phosphates on the outside (as she had said all along).In short, her 3 contributions were crucial to Watsons development of the model, although the B-model proved one of her theories damage but several right. Furthermore, Watson and Franklin had a very heated relationship, which led to many heated debates and sometimes even conflicts. * Linus Pauling the greatest chemist in the memorial of the United States, worked at Cal Tech and was the closest competition to Watson and Crick in the discovery of the structure of DNA. historied for the discovery of the hydrogen bond and the alpha-helical structure of protein.Hes also famous for publishing a wrong model of DNA (three strands) for which he saw major public embarrassment. * Herman Kalkar was the head of the laboratory in Copenhagen where Watson did phage research soon after he graduated. He did not enjoy his time in Copenhagen, which is wherefore he left soon after bringting there. * Salvador Luria James Watson was Lurias first graduate scholar at the University of Indiana. Luria would go on to do groundbreaking work with phages in biochemistry. He would later win the Nobel prize for medicine along with Hershey and Delbruck for their work on phages. J. T. Randall was the head of the Kings College laboratory police squad with Wilkins as his deputy. He shared the 1962 Nobel prize with Watson and crick * Dorothy Hodgkin was the other major female character in the book. Both of the women clearly struggled in a world that was heavily dominated by men. However, Hodgkin was known to get along with men much better than Franklin. She said this was because of her gender, whereas Franklin experienced the opposite. Franklin and Hodgkin worked closely in the contemplation of the DNA structure. Both scientists were X-ray crystallographers.Hodgkin won the 1964 Nobel prize for chemistry * W illy Seeds was famous for calling Watson honest Jim. Worked with Maurice Wilkins in the Kings laboratory and was famous for his pioneering work on the DNA fibers. Him calling Watson honest Jim was clearly raillery because they Kings scientists were still bitter about Watson stealing their data to make his model * R. G. Gosling this was Franklins lab partner at Kings College laboratory * Erwin Chargaff discovered the bases in the purines and pyrimidines (double and single ring) and also discovered that A married persones with T and C matches with G.Gave Watson an important clue in his model building, that he had to match the bases. * Al Hershey was a scientist that was known for conducting the final proof of DNA being the hereditary material. Their experiment cease the race and assured the scientific world that DNA was the inherited material. * Martha Chase was Hersheys lab partner, and was one of the few other women in the scientific world * Peter Pauling Linus son, came t o study in London and Watson showed him around. In the process Peter gave Watson some important hints that his father was getting close to the discovery of the alpha helical structure.

Cutting Down on Your Computer Time

Nowadays the teenagers spend some of their quantify on the estimator. The mesh can be used for relaxation, entertainment and information. Google is a very well-known site that people went to seek for further knowledge. However, too much computer may lead to health problems such as backache and essence strain. Studies show that young people who spend too much eon in front of computer may have social problems, less family interaction and fewer friends. Besides, they also lack of exercise and most importantly their study succession has reduced.To stop wasting time on computer and start organizing time for your studies just follow these simple steps to cut down on your computer time. Firstly, keep a record of how much time u spend on your computer and see how much time u have screw upd on your computer. Next, do not use the computer just because you ar jobless. Find something else to do such as reading a book. Engaging with a good unused or non-fiction work is a great way to d istract yourself from the days tasks, refresh your batteries, and inspire new ideas.Then, stand up a timetable which reduces the time on your computer scarcely more time for recreation and study. Last but not least, spend more time studying, recreation or interacting with your family. In time to come, your study time has organized and you have your new hobbies. You change surface have more time with your family and friends. Furthermore, u can even stay healthy and alert. Be a smart user, time is gold, do not let it waste all your time.