Physics :: essays research papers fc

Physics1. a) irradiation The unprompted decay or disintegration of an impermanent nuclear effect accompanied by the emission of radiation.b) nuclear energy Energy released when atomic nuclei undergo a nuclear reaction much(prenominal) as the spontaneous emission of radioactivity, nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion.c) background radiation comparatively constant low-level radiation from environmental sources much(prenominal) as expression materials, cosmic rays, and ingested radionucleides in the body.d) nuclear fission Atomic nuclear movementes which reckon the splitting of nuclei with the accompanying release of energy.e) nuclear fusion The nuclear process whereby several small nuclei atomic number 18 combined to make a large one whose mass is slightly smaller than the sum of the small ones.2. devil types of nuclear reactions can produce nuclear energy. thermonuclear fusion is a process in which two light nuclei combine to form a single heavier nucleus. Nuclear fission i s a process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei.3. alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation is produced when an unstable nucleus decays. Alpha particles are made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.This manner that they befuddle a charge of +2, and a mass of 4Alpha particles are relatively slow and heavy. They bewilder a low cunning power - you can stop them with just a sheet of paper.Because they wee-wee a large charge, alpha particles ionise opposite atoms potently.Beta particles have a charge of minus 1, and a mass of about 1/2000th of a proton. This means that beta particles are the same as an electron. They are fast, and light.Beta particles have a medium penetrating power - they are stopped by a sheet of aluminium or plastics such as perspex.Beta particles ionise atoms that they pass, but non as strongly as Alpha particles do.Gamma rays are waves, not particles. This means that they have no mass and no charge.Gamma rays have a heights penetrating power - it takes a thick sheet of metal such as lead, or concrete to reduce them significantly.Gamma rays do not directly ionise other atoms, although they may cause atoms to emit other particles which will then cause ionisation.4. Advantages of using nuclear energy kinda of energy produced by fossil fuelsThe Earth has limited supplies of coal and embrocate. Nuclear power plants could still produce electricity after coal and oil become scarce. Nuclear power plants need less fuel than ones which geld fossil fuels. One ton of uranium produces more energy than is produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil.